Rob's Guide to Effective Retrospectives
Retrospective facilitation is a skill
The first three chapters of Derby and Larson's book Agile Retrospectives: Making good Teams Great remain essential reading for how to effectively facilitate retrospectives.
Ensuring meetings are not being driven by whoever shouts the loudest or ending up as a long ineffectual debate takes thought and practice.
Conversely - and something more common with the increase in remote working and online meetings - is highly transactional retrospectives which are no more than Improvement Theatre:
"Retrospectives should be where people truly critique the status quo.
A place with tension, difficulty and honest searching for a better way.
Where people make themselves vulnerable and do the hard work of forging agreement.
With these kinds of retros, things actually change." - Chris Parsons
Start each retrospective with The Prime Directive
The purpose of the Prime Directive is to assure that a retrospective has the right culture to make it a positive and result oriented event. It makes a retrospective become an effective team gathering to learn and find solutions to improve the way of working:
"Regardless of what we discover, we understand and truly believe that everyone did the best job they could, given what they knew at the time, their skills and abilities, the resources available, and the situation at hand."
--Norm Kerth, Project Retrospectives: A Handbook for Team Review
Rotate the facilitator role
It is common for it to be one person's job (e.g. Scrum Master, Team Lead) to facilitate/lead retrospectives. This can result in bias towards their point of view and prevent a team from feeling engaged and empowered to solve their own problems. Whilst it may be one person's job to make sure they happen, that doesn't (and shouldn'tt) mean they also have to run every retrospective too.
Get everyone to take turns facilitating. Not only does this ensure no one feels retrospectives are being driven by one person's agenda, there are many other side benefits, including:
- Learning how to facilitate is great for developing communication skills and generally how to have effective meetings.
- The burden of planning retrospectives is shared across multiple people.
- Retrospectives are less likely to become dull or repetitive.
Really easy to do if you have more than one team - ask for someone from another team to facilitate your retrospective and when it's their turn return the favour and has the wonderful side-effect of being a great way to cross-pollinate ideas between teams.
Achievable actions and owners for each action
A common failing with retrospectives is either not taking actions away or the actions not being completed. My first tip here is make your actions small, really small. Big vague goals like "write more unit tests" are pointless. A great retrospective to encourage small achievable actions is the Plan of Action retrospective.
Once you have your achievable actions make sure someone is responsible for each and every one you choose to take away. This doesn't have to be the person who is going to do the work, just the person who is responsible for making sure it happens before the next retrospective.
Track the actions as you would with the rest of the activity in your team in your favourite work tracking tool
Start each retrospective by going through the actions from the previous one
Begin the retrospective by reviewing the actions from the previous retrospective. Have the been completed? If not, why not? Time box this to 5 minutes.
If the team took 5 actions but completed none, agree to take fewer actions away from this retrospective. Once the team has got better at completing the actions they've committed to then consider increasing the amount of actions they take away.
Who is Rob?
I'm Rob Bowley, the person who set up this wiki.